静态机器学习模型的理想化,经过训练并永远部署,这是不切实际的。随着输入分布的变化,该模型不仅会失去准确性,因此减少对受保护类别的偏见的任何约束都可能无法按预期工作。因此,研究人员已经开始探索随着时间的推移保持算法公平性的方法。一项工作重点是动态学习:每批次后重新训练,而另一个工作则介绍了强大的学习,该学习试图使算法与未来所有可能的变化进行鲁棒性。动态学习试图在发生后不久减少偏见,而健壮的学习通常会产生(过于)保守的模型。我们提出了一种预期的动态学习方法,用于纠正算法在发生偏见之前减轻算法。具体而言,我们利用有关下一个周期中人口亚组(例如,男性和女性申请人的相对比率)的相对分布的预期,以确定正确的参数,以实现重要性权衡方法。对多个现实世界数据集的实验的结果表明,这种方法有望预期偏差校正。
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The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.
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Of late, insurance fraud detection has assumed immense significance owing to the huge financial & reputational losses fraud entails and the phenomenal success of the fraud detection techniques. Insurance is majorly divided into two categories: (i) Life and (ii) Non-life. Non-life insurance in turn includes health insurance and auto insurance among other things. In either of the categories, the fraud detection techniques should be designed in such a way that they capture as many fraudulent transactions as possible. Owing to the rarity of fraudulent transactions, in this paper, we propose a chaotic variational autoencoder (C-VAE to perform one-class classification (OCC) on genuine transactions. Here, we employed the logistic chaotic map to generate random noise in the latent space. The effectiveness of C-VAE is demonstrated on the health insurance fraud and auto insurance datasets. We considered vanilla Variational Auto Encoder (VAE) as the baseline. It is observed that C-VAE outperformed VAE in both datasets. C-VAE achieved a classification rate of 77.9% and 87.25% in health and automobile insurance datasets respectively. Further, the t-test conducted at 1% level of significance and 18 degrees of freedom infers that C-VAE is statistically significant than the VAE.
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Mobile networks are experiencing prodigious increase in data volume and user density , which exerts a great burden on mobile core networks and backhaul links. An efficient technique to lessen this problem is to use caching i.e. to bring the data closer to the users by making use of the caches of edge network nodes, such as fixed or mobile access points and even user devices. The performance of a caching depends on contents that are cached. In this paper, we examine the problem of content caching at the wireless edge(i.e. base stations) to minimize the discounted cost incurred over infinite horizon. We formulate this problem as a restless bandit problem, which is hard to solve. We begin by showing an optimal policy is of threshold type. Using these structural results, we prove the indexability of the problem, and use Whittle index policy to minimize the discounted cost.
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与计算机视觉合并的基于无人机的遥感系统(UAV)遥感系统具有协助建筑物建设和灾难管理的潜力,例如地震期间的损害评估。可以通过检查来评估建筑物到地震的脆弱性,该检查考虑到相关组件的预期损害进展以及组件对结构系统性能的贡献。这些检查中的大多数是手动进行的,导致高利用人力,时间和成本。本文提出了一种通过基于无人机的图像数据收集和用于后处理的软件库来自动化这些检查的方法,该方法有助于估算地震结构参数。这里考虑的关键参数是相邻建筑物,建筑计划形状,建筑计划区域,屋顶上的对象和屋顶布局之间的距离。通过使用距离测量传感器以及通过Google Earth获得的数据进行的现场测量,可以验证所提出的方法在估计上述参数估算上述参数方面的准确性。可以从https://uvrsabi.github.io/访问其他详细信息和代码。
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基于优化的元学习旨在学习初始化,以便在一些梯度更新中可以学习新的看不见的任务。模型不可知的元学习(MAML)是一种包括两个优化回路的基准算法。内部循环致力于学习一项新任务,并且外循环导致元定义。但是,Anil(几乎没有内部环)算法表明,功能重用是MAML快速学习的替代方法。因此,元定义阶段使MAML用于特征重用,并消除了快速学习的需求。与Anil相反,我们假设可能需要在元测试期间学习新功能。从非相似分布中进行的一项新的看不见的任务将需要快速学习,并重用现有功能。在本文中,我们调用神经网络的宽度深度二元性,其中,我们通过添加额外的计算单元(ACU)来增加网络的宽度。 ACUS可以在元测试任务中学习新的原子特征,而相关的增加宽度有助于转发通行证中的信息传播。新学习的功能与最后一层的现有功能相结合,用于元学习。实验结果表明,我们提出的MAC方法的表现优于现有的非相似任务分布的Anil算法,约为13%(5次任务设置)
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我们生活的世界充满了技术,而每天都有无人机的进步和使用有效地增加。由于许多应用程序方案,在某些任务中,无人机容易受到外部干扰的影响,例如地面站的连通性丧失,安全任务,安全问题和与交货相关的任务。因此,根据情况,这可能会影响运营并导致无人机的安全着陆。因此,本文提出了一种在动态环境中安全着陆的启发式方法。这种方法的目的是检测安全的潜在降落区 - PLZ,并找出最适合降落的区域。最初,PLZ是通过通过Canny Edge算法处理图像来检测的,然后应用了直径估计值对于每个边缘最小的区域。比车辆间隙更高的斑点被标记为安全PLZ。在该方法的第二阶段中,计算了向PLZ移动的动态障碍的速度,并考虑到达到区域的时间。计算无人机的ETA并在无人机的下降期间,执行动态障碍物。在现实世界环境中测试的方法显示了现有工作的更好结果。
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我们旨在通过引入全面的分布式深度学习(DDL)探索器来解决此问题,该研究人员可以确定DDL在公共云上运行时遭受的各种执行“失速”。我们已经通过扩展先前的工作来估算两种类型的通信失速 - 互连和网络摊位来实现剖面。我们使用Profiler培训流行的DNN模型来表征各种AWS GPU实例,并列出了用户做出明智决定的优势和缺点。我们观察到,较昂贵的GPU实例可能不是所有DNN型号的性能最多,并且AWS可能会在次优的硬件互连资源分配次优。具体而言,与单个实例的培训相比,机内互连可以引入高达90%的DNN培训时间和网络连接的实例的通信开销,而与网络连接的实例可能会遭受高达5倍的速度。此外,我们对DNN宏观特征的影响进行建模,例如层的数量和通信摊位上的梯度数量。最后,我们为用户提出了一个基于衡量的建议模型,以降低DDL的公共云货币成本。
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许多测量机器人和动态障碍状态的商品传感器具有非高斯噪声特征。然而,许多当前的方法将运动和感知的潜在不确定性视为高斯,主要是为了确保计算障碍。另一方面,与非高斯不确定性一起工作的现有计划者不会阐明运动和感知噪声的分布特征,例如偏见以避免有效碰撞。本文通过将避免反应性碰撞解释为碰撞约束违规与Dirac Delta分布之间的分配匹配问题来填补这一空白。为了确保策划者的快速反应性,我们将每个分布嵌入重现Hilbert空间,并将分布匹配重新匹配,以最大程度地减少两个分布之间的最大平均差异(MMD)。我们表明,评估给定对照输入的MMD归结为仅矩阵矩阵产品。我们利用这种见解来开发一种简单的控制抽样方法,以避免动态和不确定的障碍。我们在两个方面推进了最新的。首先,我们进行了广泛的实证研究,以表明我们的计划者可以从样本级别的信息中推断出分布偏差。因此,它使用此见解来指导机器人良好的同型。我们还强调了基本不确定性的高斯近似如何失去偏置估计值,并引导机器人以高碰撞概率为不利状态。其次,我们显示了与以前的非参数和高斯近似反应性碰撞避免碰撞的碰撞方法的拟议分布匹配方法的切实比较优势。
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在各种领域,包括搜索和救援,自动驾驶汽车导航和侦察的各个领域,形成不断变化的场景的非线图像(NLOS)图像的能力可能具有变革性。大多数现有的活性NLOS方法使用针对继电器表面并收集回返回光的时间分辨测量的脉冲激光来照亮隐藏场景。流行的方法包括对垂直壁上的矩形网格的栅格扫描,相对于感兴趣的数量,以产生共聚焦测量集合。这些固有地受到激光扫描的需求的限制。避免激光扫描的方法将隐藏场景的运动部件作为一个或两个点目标。在这项工作中,基于更完整的光学响应建模,但仍没有多个照明位置,我们演示了运动中对象的准确重建和背后的固定风景的“地图”。计数,本地化和表征运动中隐藏物体的大小,结合固定隐藏场景的映射的能力,可以大大提高各种应用中的室内情况意识。
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